Water bath

Autoclaves are also known as steam sterilizers and are typically used for healthcare or industrial applications. An autoclave is a machine that uses steam under pressure to kill harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores on items that are placed inside a pressure vessel. The items are heated to an appropriate sterilization temperature for a given amount of time. The moisture in the steam efficiently transfers heat to the items to destroy the protein structure of the bacteria and spores.

The costs of an autoclave can vary greatly because of the various uses and applications of this technology. Industrial and pharmaceutical autoclaves are customized and manufactured for a specific use and therefore costs are likely to differ compared to autoclaves you find in a hospital or dental office.

A Spectrophotometer is an analytical instrument used to identify materials including organic polymers. Infrared spectrophotometers record the relative amount of energy as a function of the wavelength/frequency of the infrared radiation when it passes through a sample. Therefore, chemical structures of different samples will reflect differences in the IR absorption spectrum allowing for identification of a sample. Unlike a dispersive spectrometer, an FTIR spectrometer or FTIR spectrophotometer is used to simultaneously obtain spectral data of a sample. It does this by using an interferometer to collect the interferogram, also known as the raw data/signal format, which can then be translated into the infrared spectrum of the sample by means of a fourier transform algorithm. As a result there are many advantages including greater signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, higher throughput, and a short wavelength limit. FTIR spectrometers can be used in a variety of industries including environmental, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical.